KABAL: Keeping Aid in Boosting Adept Lives, Infectious Disease Hospital

Project idea

This proposal opens the idea of dedicating a hospital to curing and specializing in minor and major infectious diseases, in that way we will have appropriate research committed to averting surges like the current pandemic. Existing foreign studies and design took into consideration the site analysis and complete zoning & planning of the structure because it targets the project’s objectives. Having a specific number of beds and basing the number of patients on the survey from existing surges helped determine the capacity of the proposed hospital. With local research and studies, it opens other factors like maintaining the hospital once a specific infectious disease that populates the patients is eradicated. It focuses on these areas based on the DOH Guidelines to be able to reach the medical quality and service that a specialized hospital must have. The site was analyzed and visualized to embrace more strengths rather than weaknesses and opportunities, and threats. The utilization of the site advantages before and after the development is the consideration to be presented in the site development plan. Taking into consideration all the factors that a country or city needs to presume in order to devise a functional Infectious Disease Hospital and Research Center.

Project description

With the ever-rising rate of COVID cases per population density, hospitals and healthcare providers are finding it hard to cater to all the people in desperate need. According to The World Bank (n.d.), for every 1000 people, the bed capacity of hospitals in Manila can only cover 2.2 beds, 0.66 beds in urban areas, and 0.40 beds in the rest of the Philippines. Given that COVID cases in the Philippines are fluctuating daily, the rate of hospital capacity is concerning.

Constructed COVID facilities in multiple countries have been successful. In China, quarantine camps and covid hospitals are already complete in an average of 2-3 weeks (Oliveira, 2021). facilitation of quality
and control in hospitals is possible through high-quality equipment, structural maintenance, air ventilation, water supply, and drainage. (Mo, 2020). Moreover, the American Institute of Architects (AIA) and its Academy of Architecture for Health have created the COVID-19 Arch Map that characterizes the methodologies to meet healthcare demands. AIA also addresses solutions ranging from temporary hospitals to HVAC innovations that meet negative air pressure specifications for airborne infection isolation rooms (Headley, 2020). Japan leads the countries in being the most capable of catering to COVID patients, with 779 beds per 100,000 population (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2021). Though still relatively small, most hospitals in Japan can serve inpatients in terms of the number of beds that are maintained, attended to, and readily accessible for use. Hospital beds in total include curative (or acute) care beds, rehabilitative care beds, long-term care beds, and other hospital beds (Ogura & Wang, 2021). But even though these countries have built successful COVID facilities, it is inarguable that almost every country is failing to meet the needs of its patients.

Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases are unpredictable and
create a gap between planning and concrete action. To address this gap,
there is a need to come up with proactive systems that would ensure
preparedness and response in anticipation of negative consequences that may result in pandemic proportions of diseases. Proactive and multidisciplinary preparedness must be in place to reduce the impact of public health threats. (Department of Health, 2017)

The component of the proposed infectious disease hospital
includes a checklist from DOH and is an integral part of designing this hospital since it should be upon approval from them to determine the
quality and performance of the said structure. Take into consideration the following:
1. Architectural Planning and Design
2. Site Planning and Zoning
3. Economic Feasibility Study of Development
4. Project Cost and Return on Investment
5. Safety and Security

The scopes of the development of the project are the following:
1. Hospital (Department of Health, 2016)
• Administrative Services
• Medical Services
• Nursing Services
• Ancillary
2. Research Institute
3. Training Facility
• Residency training
• Infectious disease

Technical information

The structure is essentially the building's backbone, and it must function such that the building does not collapse; it supports non-structural components such as architectural elements, equipment, and lifeline systems. In times of emergency and tragedy, hospitals and health services play a key role. They must remain structurally sound and ensure that they are resilient, and safe, and will continue to operate in times of emergency and disaster to reduce risks, as well as an assessment of their structural and non-structural vulnerabilities.

Buildings composed of prefabricated components have a higher degree of deconstruction than on-site constructed systems. Buildings made of prefabricated components have a high degree of deconstruction ability because, at the end of their lifecycle, they often do not need to be demolished but rather processed with a "construction-on-reverse" strategy that goes step by step, beginning with non-structural elements and progressing to structural ones.

Prefabrication is a building procedure that includes constructing structure components in a manufacturing or production facility and moving complete assemblies or partial assemblies to the site where the structure will be located. It is the result of a good design combined with current high-performance components and quality-controlled manufacturing techniques. This work is completed in two stages: component fabrication in a location other than the final location and component erection in position.

Modular construction is a procedure in which a building is created off-site, under controlled factory settings, with the same materials and to the same norms and standards as conventionally built facilities — but in roughly half the time. Buildings are manufactured in "modules" that, when assembled on-site, represent the same design intent and standards as the most advanced site-built complex - without compromise.

The building structure is made up of prefabricated or precast concrete frames and structural elements that are combined with an interior modular wall partition system and other flexible light-weight technologies that are frequently used for pop-up environments that are intended to adapt to different uses and needs, even in the event of the emergence of a novel virus that requires immediate or temporary research and study space.